![]() ![]() There will be dysphagia for liquids as in Bothrops. (i)Lachesis: Constriction of throat, larynx and abdomen, with intolerance to least touch or pressure, especially on neck. Constriction of throat – larynx & sphincters Vipera: Paraplegia of lower extremities, re sembling acute ascending paralysis of Landry.īangarus fasciatus: Acute polioencephalitis and myelitis. Naja: Bulbar paralysis, sphincter control will be lost. (1) lachesis has left sided paralysis especially from apoplexy. (2) Crotalus cascavella right sided hemiplegia.It is complementary to Lachesis as it completes the curative action.) The paralysis of Ophidia group occur in right side as well as left side. Death is due to respiratory paralysis and renal failure.įeatures of typical bulbar paralysis occur in Naja. Ophthalmoplegia and paralysis and the symptoms may lead to respiratory failure. There’ll be pain and stiffness of muscles of neck, back and proximal part of limbs. Sea Snakes-Their venom is neurotoxic and nephrotoxic. They present with symptoms similar to co bra bite but is most lethal. A dreaded complication due to direct nephrotoxicity is anuric renal failure, the lesions of which are acute tubulonecrosis, haemorrhagic interstitial nephritis and acute glomerulonephritis.ĭeath in Viperine bite occur due to shock, haemorrhages, secondary infection, renal failure or cardiac failure. Renal changes occur as proteinuria and haematuria. (iii) Rarely, there’ll be optic neuritis lead ing to partial or complete blindness in 2-7 days. Bleeding can lead to shock.Ĭardiac manifestations occur as tachycardia, myocarditis and cardiac failure. (ii) Haemorrhagic manifestations, which appear as extensive bruises, bleeding from the bitten parts, bleeding from gums, epistaxis, blotchy purpura haemorrhagica, haématemesis and malena. ![]() ![]() Within 3-4 hours of bite there will occur the following features. Sometimes the symptoms may present as acute myasthenic crisis. Coma and death can happen due to respiratory failure or shock in 6-48 hrs. There’ll be a flaccid paralysis of the limbs, associated with hypotonia and a diminution in the tendon reflexes. There will be paralysis of palate, tongue, pharynx and respiratory muscles. Soon after the bite, the patient complains of a sinking feeling, drowsiness, blurring of vision, diplopia, dysphagia and dyspnoea. There will be some overlapping of the effects during certain seasons. The general effects vary with the type of snake.Ĭobra and sea snake venoms are pre dominantly neurotoxic Viperine venom is histotoxic and haemorrahagic. Oedema and discolouration spread proximally and in a few hours, vesicles and haemorrhagic blebs may appear. There will be intense pain, swelling and violaceous discolouration, developing within minutes and often a sero sanguinous fluid exudes from the fang marks. This is seen more in Viperine bites than in others. There will be severe fright and mental agitation leading to tachycardia, sweating, hypotension and even vascular collapse. In most of the cases, the absorption of venom is slower and especially in Viperine bites With extensive local reaction, considerable amount of venom may remain locally which will be absorbed into the circulation in due course.Įffect or Clinical features of snake bite:. ![]() If the venom directly enters the blood stream, effect may be rapid and lead to sudden death. This depends on the site of injection and the amount injected. Lesions are due to intravascular coagu lation, fibrinolysis, damage to vascu lar endothelium and extensive necrosis (2) Viperine venom contains haemorrhagic, necrotic, coagulant and haemolytic substances which lead to extensive necrosis. (1) In addition Cobra and Krait venoms also contain highly neurotoxic non enzymatic components like basic polypeptides, which cause neuromuscular block. The major poisonous snakes, the poi son of which are made use of in homoeopathy are Chemically, the snake poisons are cyanhydrates of soda and other salts.Īlcohol is a natural solvent and an antidote for these poisons.
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